{"id":450,"date":"2013-08-11T15:47:20","date_gmt":"2013-08-11T07:47:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/builtsurvey.utm.my\/intrest\/?p=450"},"modified":"2018-03-11T10:20:29","modified_gmt":"2018-03-11T02:20:29","slug":"volume-1-issue-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/builtsurvey.utm.my\/intrest\/2013\/08\/11\/volume-1-issue-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Volume 7 Issue 2"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n\n
Journal\u00a0<\/strong>Volume\u00a07<\/strong>, No\u00a02,\u00a0<\/strong>ISSN:\u00a01832-8505\u00a0<\/strong>Date:\u00a0Nov, 2012<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Title: <\/strong>A KNOWLEDGE BASED SYSTEM OF ELEMENT RECOGNITION IN 2D CONSTRUCTION\u00a0DRAWINGS FOR AN AUTOMATED BILLS OF QUANTITIES<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

-By Chitrakala Muthuveerappan, Anil Minhans, Abdul Hakim Mohammed and Muhd Zaimi Abd Majid<\/em><\/p>\n

Abstract<\/p>\n

Estimating is one of the critical success factors of a construction project. In practice, estimating is a sole activity\u00a0carried out at the pre-construction phase using the construction drawings. Engineering drawing specifications, past\u00a0experience, and previous records or references help the quantity surveyors to produce the bills of quantities\u00a0manually. However, the estimating software available in market needs manual key-in for the drawing elements as\u00a0the automation of estimating made directly from the construction drawings is critical. This is due to various issues\u00a0such as no algorithm to recognise the primitive symbols of the two\u00a0 dimensional (2D) drawings into construction\u00a0elements, random practice of drawing specifications, and lack of standardized\u00a0 specifications in 2D drawings. This\u00a0study develops a prototype in-built with a new knowledge-based algorithm to recognize the\u00a0 drawing primitive\u00a0symbols of lines, arcs, text and other symbols into construction elements in 2D drawings. The beam\u00a0 element\u00a0drawing is selected randomly for this element recognition. The element recognition method follows namely i)\u00a0extraction of the drawing attributes from the 2D drawing; ii) identification of the construction elements from the\u00a0extracted drawing\u00a0 attributes; iii) classification of the construction element\u2019s attributes into parametric values; and iv)\u00a0interpretation of the parametric values into bills of quantities. The prototype has been validated with real-time\u00a0commercial drawing for its element recognition performance to produce the bills of quantities. In conclusion, the\u00a0prototype being developed from this research successfully produces bills of quantities through auto element\u00a0recognition from the 2D drawing.<\/p>\n

Keywords: Bills of quantities, element recognition, estimating.<\/p>\n

A KNOWLEDGE BASED SYSTEM OF ELEMENT REGOGNITION IN 2D CONSTRUCTION DRAWINGS FOR AN AUTOMATED BILLS OF QUANTITIES<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
Journal\u00a0<\/strong>Volume\u00a07<\/strong>, No\u00a02,\u00a0<\/strong>ISSN:\u00a01832-8505\u00a0<\/strong>Date:\u00a0Nov, 2012<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Title: <\/strong>GIS-BASED MASS APPRAISAL MODEL FOR EQUITY AND UNIFORMITY OF\u00a0RATING ASSESSMENT<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

-By Ibrahim Sipan, HishamuddinMohd Ali, Suriatini Ismail, Shahabudin Abdullah and Shazmin\u00a0Shareena Abd Aziz<\/em><\/p>\n

Abstract<\/p>\n

Rating is a major source of income for local authorities. The basis of rating is the assessed values of property\u00a0holdings from which property tax can be charged. The traditional single valuation method contributes to the\u00a0inconsistency of assessed values because locational factors are not considered objectively. The traditional\u00a0method is also unable to produce equity and uniformity of the assessment values consistently. The main\u00a0objective of this study was to develop a mass appraisal model incorporating spatial analysis and geographic\u00a0information system (GIS) to produce more accurate predictions of property values and, thus, to achieve an\u00a0overall equity and uniformity of property rating assessment. In order to achieve the objective, Majlis\u00a0Perbandaran Kulai was chosen as a study area. The study involved 1,500 property holdings transacted between\u00a02004 and 2006 representing 86 housing areas. The variable components for locational factors, namely\u00a0accessibility, neighborhood and environment were generated using GIS spatial analysis which included\u00a0buffering, overlaying, and network analysis. The outputs from the analyses consisted of variable components\u00a0which were derived objectively and they can assist in the process of forming mass appraisal model. Four mass\u00a0appraisal models were used as alternative choices to the traditional single valuation method. They were ordinary\u00a0least squares (OLS), spatial hedonic model (SHM), geographically weighted regression (GWR), and kriging.\u00a0The outcomes of the models showed that the assessed values were statistically significant. The performance of\u00a0mass appraisal models from equity and uniformity perspectives was measured using ratio study technique. The\u00a0four models were compared on the basis of their accuracy in terms of equity and uniformity. It was discovered\u00a0that the spatial hedonic model (SHM) was the best choice followed by the ordinary least square model (OLS) as\u00a0the second best choice.<\/p>\n

Keywords: property rating, mass appraisal model, equity, uniformity, ratio study, geographic information\u00a0system (GIS), spatial analysis, OLS, SHM, GWR, kriging<\/p>\n

GIS-BASED MASS APPRAISAL MODEL FOR EQUITY AND UNIFORMITY OF RATING ASSESSMENT<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
Journal\u00a0<\/strong>Volume\u00a07<\/strong>, No\u00a02,\u00a0<\/strong>ISSN:\u00a01832-8505\u00a0<\/strong>Date:\u00a0Nov, 2012<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Title: <\/strong>PROCUREMENT CONTRACT: EXPLORING THE PRINCIPLE AND ISSUE IN THE\u00a0MALAYSIAN CONTRUCTION INDUSTRY<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

-By Mastura Jaafar and Saieed Mohamed A. Abdelsalam<\/em><\/p>\n

Abstract<\/p>\n

Procuring buildings is different from procuring goods. In procuring goods, a buyer can benefit from price\u00a0competition even for inferior goods with questionable quality. The scenario is different in the construction industry.\u00a0The term \u201cprocurement system\u201d which is different from \u201cprocurement contract\u201d has been closely associated with\u00a0procuring materials or buildings. The use of different terminologies motivates this study to look closely at the\u00a0definitions of these terms. The literature shows that the terms \u201cprocurement system\u201d and \u201cprocurement contract\u201d are\u00a0used interchangeably especially in the Western countries, but the term \u201cprocurement system\u201d is more widely used\u00a0by industry players in Malaysia. Despite the various terms used for \u201cprocurement contract\u201d, in most countries,\u00a0\u201cfixed price\u201d (FP) procurement contract has been more extensively used in the construction industry compared to\u00a0\u201ccost reimbursement\u201d (CR). Besides, the concept of procurement contract as FP and CR, mainly used by Western\u00a0economists, is also explored.<\/p>\n

Keywords: procurement system, procurement contract, fixed price, cost reimbursement, construction industry<\/p>\n

PROCUREMENT CONTRAC, EXPLORING THE PRINCIPLE AND ISSUE IN THE MALAYSIAN CONTRIBUTION INDUSTRY<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
Journal\u00a0<\/strong>Volume\u00a07<\/strong>, No\u00a02,\u00a0<\/strong>ISSN:\u00a01832-8505\u00a0<\/strong>Date:\u00a0Nov, 2012<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Title: <\/strong>THE CAUSE FACTORS OF LARGE PROJECT\u2019S COST OVERRUN: A SURVEY IN THE\u00a0SOUTHERN PART OF PENINSULAR MALAYSIA<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

-By Aftab Hameed Memon, Ismail Abdul Rahman and\u00a0Ade Asmi Abdul Aziz<\/em><\/p>\n

Abstract<\/p>\n

Construction cost overrun has become a global concern amongst the practitioners and academic researchers because\u00a0the construction projects are very rarely completed within the estimated cost limit. There are various contributing\u00a0factors to cost overrun. This study focuses on cost overrun encountered in large construction projects. Data was\u00a0gathered using structured questionnaire survey among clients, consultants and contractors in the states of Johor,\u00a0Melaka and Negeri Sembilan of Peninsular Malaysia. Statistical methods were used to analyze the data. The survey\u00a0results show that 96% of the respondents agreed that most construction projects face cost overrun with an average amount ranging from 5% to 10% of the contract sum. Investigation on the causes of cost overrun involves 35\u00a0common factors identified through the literature. Results indicate that fluctuation in materials price, cash flow and\u00a0financial difficulties faced by contractors, delay in progress payment by owner, and frequent design changes were\u00a0most dominant factors causing cost overrun. Spearman correlation test was conducted on the factors showing that\u00a0slow information flow was highly correlated with the lack of communication between parties (with a correlation\u00a0value \u03c1 = 0.787). Standardized design practices, efficient resource planning and management and proper financial\u00a0management should be considered as effective tools in controlling cost overrun especially in large construction
\nprojects.<\/p>\n

Keywords: Cost overrun, Causes of cost overrun, Relative Importance Index, Spearman correlation, large projects<\/p>\n

THE CAUSE FACTORS OF LARGE PROJECT\u2019S COST OVERRUN, A SURVEY IN THE SOUTHERN PART OF PENINSULAR MALAYSIA<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
Journal\u00a0<\/strong>Volume\u00a07<\/strong>, No\u00a02,\u00a0<\/strong>ISSN:\u00a01832-8505\u00a0<\/strong>Date:\u00a0Nov, 2012<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Title: <\/strong>THE FUTURE USE OF UNDERGROUND SPACE IN MALAYSIA, A LITERATURE REVIEW\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

-By Farah Zaini, Khadijah Hussin, Arfaliza Arrifin and Nurlaila Ali<\/em><\/p>\n

Abstract<\/p>\n

Today, more than half of the world population lives in urban areas and it is expected that this figure will grow\u00a0rapidly to reach 85.9% in 2050. People will keep on migrating from inland to village, city, and metropolis and the\u00a0number is increasing year by year. Cities are increasingly overcrowded and congested. The rapid developments in\u00a0urban area to meet human needs are found to be inconsistent with the principle of sustainable development. Besides,\u00a0space is highly demanded with great pressure especially for housing and infrastructure. This results in other\u00a0problems such as greater traffic congestion, air pollution, and lack of green space for development. Due to these circumstances, the other consideration is using none other than going to the third dimension of city as a final frontier\u00a0in urban development and possible path to sustainable urban form. In Malaysia, the use of underground space started\u00a0with the establishment of shop lots below the Merdeka Square, sixteen years ago, then followed by Petronas Twin\u00a0Towers, Light Rail Transit, Storm water Management and Road Tunnel (SMART), and the most recent is an ongoing\u00a0project of Mass Rapid Transit (MRT). Looking on positively for the underground development for\u00a0infrastructure, this paper attempts to review and discuss the present and future use of underground space in\u00a0Malaysia. The paper also explores the potential planning and challenges of underground development. This is done\u00a0by reviewing successful underground developments around the world in order to suggest the potential planning for\u00a0underground space in Malaysia. The investigation attempts to address the possibility of developing a sustainable\u00a0underground development in Malaysia as a step forward.<\/p>\n

Keywords: urban underground space,\u00a0 planning and utilization, sustainable development<\/p>\n

THE FUTURE USE OF UNDERGROUND SPACE IN MALAYSIA, A LITERATURE REVIEW\u00a0<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Journal\u00a0Volume\u00a07, No\u00a02,\u00a0ISSN:\u00a01832-8505\u00a0Date:\u00a0Nov, 2012 Title: A KNOWLEDGE BASED SYSTEM OF ELEMENT RECOGNITION IN 2D CONSTRUCTION\u00a0DRAWINGS FOR AN AUTOMATED BILLS OF QUANTITIES -By Chitrakala Muthuveerappan, Anil Minhans, Abdul Hakim Mohammed and Muhd Zaimi Abd Majid Abstract Estimating is one of the critical success factors of a construction project. In practice, estimating is a sole activity\u00a0carried out at […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":258,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-450","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/builtsurvey.utm.my\/intrest\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/450","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/builtsurvey.utm.my\/intrest\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/builtsurvey.utm.my\/intrest\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/builtsurvey.utm.my\/intrest\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/258"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/builtsurvey.utm.my\/intrest\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=450"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/builtsurvey.utm.my\/intrest\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/450\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/builtsurvey.utm.my\/intrest\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=450"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/builtsurvey.utm.my\/intrest\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=450"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/builtsurvey.utm.my\/intrest\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=450"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}